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The
Revolutionary War
Your
Key to These Notes:
 A
Major Point  A
Sub-bullet, or a point related to the one above.
A point of
interest that will most likely not be on the AP test.
» Therefore,
or Ergo.
French
& Indian War (English, French, and Iroquois)- New France- St.
Lawrence River (Quebec) + Louisiana; British Columbia- English; Ohio
River- Iroquois; Florida- Spain; just above Florida- England
English
vs. Spanish- Iroquois try to stay neutral, other natives turn to French
(fur)
English
tobacco farmers want to move toward Ohio, French put up fortresses to halt
(Washington reports); Iroquois dislike French forts »
lean toward British, but not siding.
Leading
up- 80 years: King William’s War (North vs. Northeast- 1689-1697); Queen
Anne’s War (1701-1713) » Nova Scotia + Newfoundland go to England »
people went to Louisiana »
Cajuns; King George’s War (1744-1748) » Iroquois decide English stronger »
get grants from Virginia to go to Ohio River Valley »
French build forts »
Washington brought in (colonists could not become British officers»
joined state militia) to bring back Ohio River Valley details.
Washington’s
Second trip »
Fort Ducane at 3 converging rivers- kills negotiator, attacks fort,
retreats, builds Fort Necessity at the base of the hills »
destroyed, escapes »
hero in Virginia »
War.
Called
“Seven Years War” in England
Phases
(1754-1756)-
North America- Indians vs. colonists »
General Braddock attacks Ft. Ducane (Pittsburgh); advised by Washington »
cut down woods as they marched »
defeated; Washington escaped.
(1756-1757)-
Spreads to Europe (France, Spain, Austria vs. England + Prussia
[Germany])
(1757)-
William Pitt new English prime minister (Pittsburgh)- focuses on winning
the North American war; captures Louisburg, commanded by Jeffrey
Amherst; seize Ft. Ducane + Ohio River Valley; Battle of Quebec »
British couldn’t seize (on plateau) »
British men saw French women washing clothes, followed into city »
battle (both generals die) »
English win; Spanish lose Florida because French supported them;
Iroquois fight amongst themselves, implode»
English have B.C., Quebec, Northeast, Louisiana, Ohio River Valley, etc.
Louisiana
sill uses French law system.
English
need money, say colonists benefited from the war and want to start tax
(colonists started the war, participated little, plus colonists had
lower taxes than their European counterparts); colonists wanted to move
west but Iroquois are there now, English can’t afford to protect them;
never been taxed, British control North America.
Taxes
(British regulations leading to War of Independence)
1651-
1st Navigation Act (English could only send products on
English ships, ¾ crew
had to be English »
jobs for sailors + shipbuilders) »
higher prices
1660-
Enumerated Articles (Colonial articles only saleable in Britain [in
Europe]) »
higher costs, low demand.
1663-
Navigation Act (Shipped goods must go through England no matter where they
are bound)»
more jobs
1733-
Sugar Molasses Act- (Non-English sugars + molasses had a “duty” for
import »
English product cheaper than foreign)
(10-6)
1732-
Hat Act (colonial hat makers were state-restricted in selling»
helped
British hat makers)
Colonists
have no legal say in commerce/trade regulation—rights of England
(Magna Carta, Petition, & Bill of Rights); psychological pressure,
smuggling (Sam Adams- smuggler)
1750-
Iron Act (forbade colonists to expand furnace size- prevented iron production
»
promoted English iron production)- not new furnaces either »
further anger, but still unable ton do anything but smuggle.
1763-
Proclamation of 1763 (colonists cannot enter into the Ohio River Valley
because of Pontiac’s uprising there)- England cannot protect (funds
depleted after the French & Indian War); people went anyway.
1764-
Sugar Act- (places duty on sugar) + Writs of Assistance- violates
English constitution (reasonable cause to search and seize)- empowers
English officials to go through warehouses + ships without warrant.
Currency
Act- cannot print money anywhere in colonies- used to buy English
products.
1765-
Quartering Act (colonists had to house soldiers who were there to
protect
them from Indians)- cheaper than providing housing- quartered in NY +
Boston »
actually here to keep colonial order.
Stamp
Act (all official documents had to have a stamp)- 1st tax
Virtual
Representation- colonists have no Parliament or representation- job of
Parliament to represent whole empire- no individual representation.
Sons
of Liberty (extremists)- burned stamps in government warehouses;
organized by Sam Adams- upper middle class people.
Non-Importation
Agreements (Stamp Act Congress)- boycott British
products »
repealed Stamp Act
Townsend
Acts- tax on glass, tea, paper; because the Stamp Act was successfully
boycotted, the colonists did the same with the Townsend Acts.
1770-
Boston Massacre- off-duty British soldiers in Boston because there are British
officials there- need protection »
Angry colonists threw snowballs & rocks; taunted the soldiers;
British shoot unarmed colonists in “self-defense” »
acquitted (John Adams- lawyer); Sam Adams said to have perpetuated the
massacre.
Parliament
withdraws all taxes but tea after Boston Massacre
Tea
Act- British East Indies- major tea supplier (most cash from opium)- colonists
boycotted tea » Prime Minister made tea cheaper from East India- charged everyone 12
pence from England, 3 pence from British East India Company »
colonists disliked manipulation » tea not allowed to be unloaded, forced to take back to England »
Sam Adams & the Sons of Liberty performed the Boston Tea Party,
costing the B.E.I. Co. more than £18,000.
Intolerable
Acts (“Coercive Acts” in England)- 4 separate acts:
Boston
Port Act- closed port of Boston until tea was paid for.
Massachusetts
Government Act- suspended democracy in Massachusetts- no town hall
meetings- shut down.
Administration
of Justice- (violated English constitution)- certain categories of crime
tried in England.
Quebec
Act- Canadian Catholics can go into the Ohio River Valley
(10-9)
Colonies
sympathetic toward Massachusetts »
Continental Congress sent Declaration of Rights & Grievances to
Parliament »
Association (make sure colonists boycott English goods- see that they
are not imported) »
Britain saw as an act of rebellion »
Massachusetts assembled a militia » Lexington & Concord.
British
to seize weapons and arms; Paul Revere- ride to alert minutemen of
approaching soldiers
Lexington-
shot heard round the world »
British lost many lives on
the way back (marched on the road, killed by farmers and other
townspeople hiding in the forests).
Britain
closes all American ports
2nd
Continental Congress- Olive Branch Petition to King (try to work out
settlement with England); King hired Hessians (20,000 German mercenaries
sent to the colonies); militia to organized army (led by Washington-
experience + bring the South into the war)
British
began attacking towns»
King George III seen as “royal brute”- senseless to wait four months
for governing decisions; independence urged: if broken from British
Empire, the colonies would no longer be responsible for European wars
& taxes
1776-
June- Richard Henry Lee- resolution before 2nd Continental
Congress- united colonies
should be free & independent »
motion passes, though 1/3 supported British, 1/3 supported independence,
and 1/3 did not care.
Committee
of Five- Franklin, Jefferson, John Adams, Livingston, & one more »
Jefferson (youngest) had to write the Declaration of Independence
because no one else wanted to- plagiarized from Rights & Grievances,
Olive Branch, etc. **; each colony & town had to write its own-
second part more important (grievances against the King); 1st
draft abolished slavery, but revoked because five southern states
objected; rights come from government, government protects, authority
comes from people; trying to get support from England’s enemies.
(10-16)
Bunker
Hill- fight for Boston (Greed’s Hill)- “Whites in eyes”
Turning
point of the war- Saratoga- France joins because battle was won; others
join
End
of the war- Yorktown- “Treaty of Paris” (Franklin)
Olive
Branch Petition- American loyalty to the crown.
(10-18)
1775-
Washington goes to Boston; dismayed at the democratic army,
ill-equipped, British 1
mile away; Brought southern officers, drilled them, established
punishment- flogged 35-500 times or wooden horse that crushed the groin »
got rid of several thousands of soldiers that were “too weak.”
1776-
“Common Senses” by Paine
Tories-
Loyalists to England
Washington
at Long Island- lights bonfires, covers hooves & wheels with rags, leaves
»
Winter (“off season”) Christmas Eve- cross Delaware River, scouts
kill all dogs, go to Trenton to Germans » capture & withdraw; New Year’s Eve- Princeton (same with British)
British
want to crush New England- south would fall »
British come in from all sides, cut off New England » failed (defeated at New York); “Gentleman Johnny” (General Burgoins)
traveled slowly with all of his belongings; defeated by Gates at
Saratoga »
French join colonies (Turning Point in the war)- General Hal decides to
go after Washington … Dutch & Spanish join French & colonies »
becomes a world war.
Benedict
Arnold (jealous of Washington)- betrayed colonies by surrendering West
Point to Britain in exchange for money and position as an officer in the
British army- ** First traitor in America; reason why no Americans are
named Benedict.
British
want to take south- Coupens + King’s Mountain; running from Washington
»
go to Yorktown, expecting British naval rescue, French nave instead,
Cornwallis surrenders »
War ends.
Treaty
of Paris- established borders for U.S.- Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi
River- cause of War of 1812- U.S. has possession of Norhtern
Territories, but Britain’s outposts remain.
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