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World
War II
Your
Key to These Notes:
 A
Major Point  A
Sub-bullet, or a point related to the one above.
A point of
interest that will most likely not be on the AP test.
» Therefore,
or Ergo.
(4-17)
Causes
of World War II
Treaty
of Versailles (punished the losers of World War I)- inflated winners'
economies (from printing $) » bitterness.
Immigration-
safety valve for Europe- excess population could go to US - but - US
limited this in the 1920s (Johnson Act) » less jobs & more people
in Europe » put them into the military.
No
immigration from Asia (Johnson Act)- Japan's land small volcanic
islands- growing army & power, want to industrialize, but no room »
"Asia for Asians" attitude; angry that US, Great Britain, and
France had more land from colonies taken from Treaty of Versailles;
reasoned that because they had more land they must have a higher
standard of living.
Going
off of the Gold Standard- countries owed money are upset due to
devaluation (59%) » standards of living lowered as wages remained the
same and money devalued. ; defeated countries blamed on Treaty of
Versailles.
American
Isolationism- oceans isolate US, people dislike Asia & Europe; Japan
decides US is not going to get involved in WWII; Hawley-Smoot Tariff
prevented competitive international trade- closed off market to world
goods.
Mussolini
takes Ethiopia because Italy felt short-changed from the Treaty of
Versailles; Hirohito (Emperor) opposes expansion but Samurai class
("Asia for China") takes over, wanting to expand in China »
take Manchuria & most of China, purposely bombing American
installations- Americans painted flags on roofs, and they were bombed
more.
Panet-
US gunboat on Yanxze River, bombed by Japan, US did nothing.
Hitler
& Mussolini had no respect for paralyzed Roosevelt, believed in
"superior race"; 1937- Hitler target countries to invade, but
doesn't want to start until 1943- gets rid of opposing general and
accelerates his timeline.
1936-
"For whom the Bell Tolls"- Hemmingway- the bell tolls for
Spain- Spanish Civil War; "Gurnice"- Picasso's Spanish Civil
War painting
Fascists
(Franco) used German machines, testing German equipment; France wins
Spanish Civil War » Fascism is "wave of the future"-
Roosevelt's polio symbolized democracy's decline.
Neutrality
Acts
1935,
1937- US will not involve itself with "belligerence" »
encourages Asian-European warlords.
The
Rape of Nanking- pillaged the city, brutally murdered the men, raped the
women.
US
did not improve weapons since WWI
Roosevelt's
"Quarantine Speech" (after Japan invaded China)- to "wake
up" US, but disliked by Americans- a
"warmonger"
Hitler's
Auschluss- Austria gives in to Germany, forms a country; Czechoslovakia
is militarily strong, but has a section (Sudatenland) of Germans who
want to join; Czechoslovakia wants Britain and France to help- gives
Hitler Sudatenland » now Hitler wants Czechoslovakia and Britain and
France agree to give it to him in return for promises to stop
expanding...Meanwhile, Hitler negotiates with Russia for Poland- German
army moves into Poland on Sept. 1, 1939.
France
build a line of defenses from Switzerland to Belgium to prevent Hitler
from passing, but Hitler went through Belgium instead. Since the
line's defenses could not point East, France was left
defenseless.
(4-18)
Danzig
Corridor separating Germany from Poland; Hitler takes half of Poland,
USSR came in back side of Poland » Britain and France declare war on
Germany.
Causes
of World War II-
Totalitarianism
(Japan, Italy, Germany, Russia)- believed democracy is weak because it
is inefficient
Militarism-
made death a "romantic adventure"- the "ultimate
sacrifice" for one's country.
Nationalism-
the idea that Germans were the "master race." Italy wanted
Roman Empire, Japan's "Asia for Asians" attitude.
Imperialism-
that more land meant better standards of living.
Sitzkrieg-
a period of no fighting after Poland was taken- French believe secure
behind their line of defenses and Belgium; England thought they were
safe behind the English Channel, then Germany pushed through and France
fell » US wakes up to the fascist threat.
New
Prime Minister in England- Churchill
Battle
of Britain (air battle for Britain)- at first Germans were unsuccessful;
then started bombing cities » strengthened UK resolve & US support.
Neutrality
Act of 1939- "cash & carry"- US provides military
equipment provided they are paid for in cash & transported by that
country- very slanted toward the British, who controlled the Atlantic
Ocean.
Selective
Services Act- 1st draft during peacetime (1940)
Destroyer-
Naval Base Deal- to help British, US gave 50 WWI destroyers in return
for use of British naval bases.
Lend-Lease
Act of 1941- US lends goods to countries "favoring American
interests"; American ships used to carry goods across the Atlantic-
Germans attacked them, US defends- "limited naval
warfare"
Japanese
take China, need rubber » go through Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia » US
opposes, places embargo on Japan (no metal, iron or rubber; Japanese
property/investments taken by US government)
Atlantic
Charter- August 1941- set out principles of UN- agreement between
Britain, US, and Russia (switched sides after Hitler tried to take
Russia)- Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin- allied countries renounce any
intention to take land after war (later Russia takes all of Eastern
Europe); people allowed self-determination.
US
Involvement
December
7, 1941- Pearl Harbor- attack is a failure- no aircraft carriers there,
failed to destroy petroleum supplies » US declares war on Japan-
The
Japanese ambassador was negotiating peace while the fleet was on its way
to Pearl Harbor.
December
9, 1941- Germany & Italy declare war on the US and vice-versa.
Turning Points-
Battle
of Midway (vs. Japan at Midway Island)
Stalingrad
(Germans lost a great deal of lives)
El
Alamein (for Egypt and the Suez Canal to allow Germany to get to Saudi
Arabia for oil)
Changes
in US
War
Production Board- shift from peacetime production to wartime production.
War
Labor Board- managed labor disputes.
Fair
Employment Practice Committee- stop discrimination in wartime hiring
Office
of Price Administration- keep prices low enough because of shortages »
meal tickets.
Civil
Liberties- Press free to criticize US government (except Japanese press)
Income
taxes rose and war bonds were sold.
(4-23)
Asian
Reconstruction- Jiang Jieshi vs. Mao Zedong- Mao drove opposition to
island of Taiwan, mad @ US support of Jiang » US needs counterbalance
to China.
Korea
is that balance- Japanese colony seized and divided between US and
Russia (North & South) - US defends Japan, Taiwan, and North
Korea.
North
Korea attacks South Korea » Korean War (80-90% US)- War ends where it
started at the 38th parallel- still as it is today- the war was
"just a truce."
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