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World
War I
Your
Key to These Notes:
 A
Major Point  A
Sub-bullet, or a point related to the one above.
A point of
interest that will most likely not be on the AP test.
» Therefore,
or Ergo.
Causes
of World War I
Nationalism-
France wanted to get back land lost to Germany; ethnic hostilities in
Austrial-Hungarian Peninsula--wanted independence; Germany & Russia
competing for what is now Poland.
Imperialism-
France & Germany arguing over Morocco; people there were Slavic (in
Balkins)--Russia wanted to protect; Ottoman Empire controls Middle East
(Turkey)
Militarism-
Europe began peacetime draft, building dreadnoughts; Germany threatened
by British navy-built huge army; no UN; end of king & queen era-
intermarrying among countries' royalty.
Wilhelm
built up the German army while his cousin, Nicolas, a Russian Czar,
built up the Russian Army. Nicolas's uncle in England mediated
between the two, but Nicolas began to lose control of Russia. It
was then that his wife brought in Rasputin, a religious man to stop her
hemophiliac son's bleeding through hypnosis. While there, Rasputin
became a government official, but he was a drunk savage people
disliked.
Germans
perfected the U-Boat (Submarine) to combat the British Navy.
Propaganda-
British cut transatlantic cable to US from Germany, US hears about the
war only from Britain; Britain spin-doctored their report of the Lusitania
incident (in which they claimed the Germans had sunk the passenger
ship) to cover up the fact that the ship was carrying wartime
goods.
Allied
Government vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Ottoman
Empire, and Bulgaria) »
Assassination
of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo (in Balkans)- nephew of
Austrial-Hungarian emperor who went on to stomp on Serbia; The region is
experiencing similar circumstances today as at the start of WWI.
(3-20)
June
28, 1914- Ferdinand assassinated, Germany declares war on Russia, France
joins Russia, Germany declares war on France, invades France through
Belgium, Britain protects Belgium by declaring war on Germany.
December
12, 1916- German Chancellor attempts peace to keep US out, Germans
wanted a number of countries and reparations; France and Britain refuse
Wilson's plea to forget revenge and move on; Germany is crushed and
Hitler eventually comes in.
Wilson
creates the League of Nations
January,
1917- German U-Boats set out to sink anyone in the war zone » Wilson
breaks diplomatic relations with Germany
Zimmerman
Note- dispatch from Germany asking Mexico to declare war on US in
exchange for Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico; Mexico was asked to invite
Japan, and in return, give Japan Hawaii. »
February
26, 1917- Wilson arms American merchant ships, but Congress does not
allow it » Mar. 18- sinking of merchant ships push toward
war.
Progressives
reluctant to support Allies due to the Russian monarchy- in 1917,
Russian Revolution begun by Carinsky » democracy, US joins Allies and
Russia; Later, Lenin starts Russian Civil War for Communism and wins,
destroying the progress of the Revolution.
Russian
Revolution- Parliament left out of war; everyone joined the war, no one
farmed or repaired anything » infrastructure collapsed » inflation »
Polish refugees; Emperor took responsibility- went to front lines
leaving his wife (and Rasputin) in control » Rasputin assassinated.
In
order to be sure the job was done, Rasputin's killers poised, shot,
stabbed, and drowned him.
Bread
riots- army mutinied rather than combat.
Centers
of Power- Provisional Government (old + parliament) + Soviet- new,
working-class radicals » Germans brought back Lenin (would go on to
pull Russia out of war, send German soldiers to West to meet US).
November
7, 1917- Soviets pull Russia out of war.
(3-21)
Chapter 33
Wilson's
14 Points-
I.
Avoiding Future wars- (1) No more secret treaties, diplomacies; (2)
freedom of the seas, (3) open trade among nations; (4) reduce arms
(battleships); (5) more respect for native people/colonies.
II.
Self-Determination for Ethnic Groups- (1) German army must evacuate
Russia; (2) Germans need to leave Belgium; (3) Alsace Loraine must be
returned to France; (4) Readjust Italian borders; (5) Romanic Serbia,
Montenegro, and Poland should be separate countries; (6) Minorities in
Turkey and Austria/Hungary protected
III.
Establish League of Nations.
14
Points disregarded because France, England, Italy wanted revenge »
The
Treaty of Versailles- set the stage for Hitler to rise in Germany:
charged Germany for costs of battles- every soldier assigned a value
based on probable lifetime earnings; denied Germany an air force or army
of >100,000 » Germany couldn't pay debt- printed more money »
inflation » Hitler convinces the people that the Treaty was unfair, and
blames the Jewish people.
Hitler
was a silver cross officer as a runner in World War I. Afterward,
he disappeared, following occult and religious interests, proceeding to
join the Nazi party as the 7th or 8th member. The party tried to
take over Munich (in Bavaria), but they failed, and Hitler was
arrested. It was in jail that he wrote Mein Kampf. He later
blamed Jewish people for the unfairness of the treaty because he could
not get into art school--this is a logical connection only he could
see.
George
Creel (propaganda war)- no German to be taught in US high schools;
Sauerkraut was renamed as Liberty Cabbage; hamburger was renamed Liberty
Steak
Espionage
& Sedition Acts made it illegal to criticize the US
government.
Clear
& Present Danger Test (1st Amendment applied in wartime)- One
mailing urged people not to register for the draft. The author was
arrested, and he argued that mailing it out was covered by his 1st
Amendment right to freedom of speech. This was denied because it
represented a Clear and Present Danger to the United States.
Today-
(as established by the Brandonberg Test)- Arrests can only take place if
you advocate imminent lawbreaking.
(3-27)
Disagreed
on 14 Points- (1) Diplomacy needs secrecy, (2) Britain had largest navy
in the world, and liked it, (3) New nations wanted tariffs, (4)
Victorious nations did not want to disarm
League
of Nations- Republicans (namely Lodge) in Senate did not want to give up
US sovereignty » Lodge put up 14 Lodge Reservations.
Wilson's
Stroke » 25th Amendment (Presidential succession & disability)-
Edith Wilson took over, did not let anyone else talk to him.
US
never agreed to Treaty of Versailles.
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